Instead, he stressed the importance of occupation, which was favourable to the English as they and not the Spanish had occupied Virginia. Richard Hakluyt makes the case for English colonization, 1584 Richard Hakluyt used this document to persuade Queen Elizabeth I to devote more money and energy into encouraging English colonization. What arguments does Hakluyt present in making a case for colonization? However, Hakluyt argues that this type of colonization is not acceptable, legal, or moral. The private character of the memorial, which was not to be seen by the general eye, permitted Hakluyt to state freely the case for a colonial policy. A particular discourse concerning the great necessity and manifold commodities that are like to grow to this Realm of England by the Western discoveries lately attempted, Written In the year 1584 by Richard Hakluyt of Oxford at the request and direction of the right worshipful Mr. Walter Raleigh now Knight, before the coming home of his Two Barks: and is divided into xxi chapters, the Titles whereof follow in the next leaf. For the full article, see Richard Hakluyt . Shortly before its completion, he was granted by the queen the next vacant prebend at Westminster so that he might be at hand to advise on colonial affairs. Hakluyt (1552-1616) was a geographer, historian, editor, and leading promoter of English colonial expansion in North America. These latter writings, together with a few letters, are the only extant material out of which a biography of him can be framed. In 1606 he appears as the chief promoter of the petition to James I for letters patent to colonise Virginia, which were granted on 10 April 1606. That this voyage will be a great bridle to the Indies of the king of Spaine and a means that we may arrest at our pleasure for the space of time weeks or three months every year, one or two hundred sail of his subjects shipped at the fishing in Newfoundland. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. But far from it: in 1584 Hakluyt prepared a 'Discourse on Western . Richard Hakluyt, Reasons For Colonization, 1585 - ETTC. In spirit, it was a continuation of Hakluyts own work, and the two editors probably became acquainted. But the queen's advisors pointed out . He held this position until his death, and resided in Wetheringsett through the 1590s and frequently thereafter. That this western voyage will yield unto us all the commodities of Europe, Africa, and Asia, as far as we were wont to travel, and supply the wants of all our decayed trades. [10], In the late 1590s Hakluyt became the client and personal chaplain of Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury, Lord Burghley's son, who was to be Hakluyt's most fruitful patron. As Hakluyt points out, the desire for peace, change, stability, and economic wellness of England is the driving force for robust territorial possession. Richard Hakluyt, a remarkable clergyman-scholar-geographer who lies buried in Westminster Abby, deserves high rank among the indirect founding fathers of the United States. The inter-European rivalry appears to be the main theme in this literature. In the dedication of the second volume (1599) to his patron, Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury, Hakluyt strongly urged the minister as to the expediency of colonising Virginia. That all other English trades are grown beggerly or dangerous, especially in all the king of Spain his Dominions, where our men are driven to fling their Bibles and prayer Books into the sea, and to forswear and renounce their religion and conscience and consequently their obedience to her Majestie. In that year, Hakluyt was a consultant to the Company when it was renewing its charter. How did Richard Hakluyt contribute to English history? In Mare Liberum, Grotius denied that the 1493 donation by Pope Alexander VI that had divided the oceans between Spain and Portugal entitled Spain to make territorial claims to North America. This was presented to Queen Elizabeth I, who rewarded Hakluyt with a prebend (ecclesiastical post) at Bristol Cathedral but took no steps to help Raleigh. Until after the death of his wife in 1597, little is heard of any geographical work, but he then completed the greatly enlarged second edition of the Voyages, which appeared in three volumes between 1598 and 1600. The burial register merely states that Hakluyt was buried "in the Abbey" without giving an exact location, and there is no monument or gravestone: personal e-mail communication on 10 May 2007 with Miss Christine Reynolds, Assistant Keeper of Muniments, Westminster Abbey Library. with the order thereof and other reasons therewithal alleged. While he did not have the opportunity to travel around the world, he was able to live in France for five years as the chaplain to Sir Edward Stafford. He became acquainted with the most important sea captains and merchants of England and . The possibility of the enlarging of the dominions of the Queens Most Excellent Majesty, and consequently of her honour, revenues, and of her power by this enterprise. Missions became the engine of colonization in North America. Queen Elizabeth was under great pressure to provide for her people. Many of these reasons have to do with England's competition with other European countrieschiefly Spain, which had become rich and powerful from the silver it extracted from its colonies in Mexico and Peru. However, the risk was great for everyone involved and in the case of England, encouragement was needed. Have you ever read travel books that made you want to explore a brand new place or even go to another planet? That the Spaniards have executed most outrageous and more than Turkish cruelties in all the west Indies, whereby they are everywhere there, become most odious unto them, who would join with us or any other most willingly to shake of their most intolerable yoke, and have begun to do it already in diverse places where they were Lords heretofore. In addition, the indigenous people, including Indians, are mere tools that serve the interests of the English people. Without his urging, the English might have been content to rest in their foggy off-shore island while the Spaniards and Portuguese divided the world between them. 808 certified writers online. In the treatise, he argued that colonization was an opportunity to proselytize the Protestant faith, exploit America's natural resources, create new trade markets, and offer work to the unemployed. What is the importance of Richard Hakluyt to the history of early English colonization then? (Cambridge: 1877), 1-5. [9] Hakluyt's father, also named Richard Hakluyt, was a member of the Worshipful Company of Skinners whose members dealt in skins and furs. Richard Hakluyt, (born c. 1552, London, Eng. Though Hakluyt neglected to mention its origin, the . Knowing so many languages helped him to read all types of works that recorded the adventures of travelers. Reality, Team Leader: Exploiting New Opportunities, Studies of History of Indigenous People in Canada, Native American Studies in "We Shall Remain" Series, Native American Population and Federal Policies, Native American's Journal Entries in 1875-1934. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. "Richard Hakluyt contributed more to English letters, and has had more effect on English writing, than any other man who ever lived, with the possible exception of Shakespeare." IvyPanda. for only $11.00 $9.35/page. [5] A few copies of this monumental work contain a map of great rarity, the first on the Mercator projection made in England according to the true principles laid down by Edward Wright. Under the reference "Bib. He made a point of becoming acquainted with the most important sea captains, merchants, and sailors of England. An answer to the Bull of the Donation of all the west Indies granted to the kings of Spain by Pope Alexander the VI who was himself a Spaniard borne. They'd also need to provide for the numerous unemployed who filled the streets of cities such as London. In twenty-one chapters, summarized here, Hakluyt emphasized the many benefits that England would receive by creating colonies in the Americas. Richard Hakluyt of Oxford . Richard Hakluyt, A Discourse Concerning Western Planting, Written in the Year 1584, Charles Deane, ed. Hakluyt also encouraged the production of geographical and historical writings by others. The increase of the force of the Christians. (2021) 'English Colonization of America in Hakluyt's View'. That the mischiefs that the Indian Treasure wrought in time of Charles the late Emperor father to the Spanish king, is to be had in consideracion of the Queens most excellent Majesty, least the continually coming of the like treasure from thence to his son, work the unrecoverable annoyance of this Realm, whereof already we have had very dangerous experience. Jan has taught history at the university level. English Geographer. His father died when Richard was five years old, leaving his family to the care of a cousin, another Richard Hakluyt, a lawyer who had many friends among prominent city merchants, geographers, and explorers of the day. Some time before 1580 he took holy orders, and, though he never shirked his religious duties, he spent considerable time reading whatever accounts he could find about contemporary voyages and discoveries. Hakluyt returned to London in 1588. Hakluyt understood that in order for England to be successful and remain powerful, they would need to find new markets in which to trade goods. [20], Hakluyt was married twice, once in or about 1594[5] and again in 1604. [17] This work contains an exceedingly-rare copperplate map dedicated to Hakluyt and signed F.G. (supposed to be Francis Gualle); it is the first on which the name "Virginia" appears.[14]. Grotius' arguments supported England's right to trade in the Indies. Colonization has been considered as a means through which other nations control and use native people to serve their interests. A man named Walter Hakelut was knighted in the 34th year of Edward I (1305) and later killed at the Battle of Bannockburn, and in 1349 Thomas Hakeluyt was chancellor of the diocese of Hereford. In 1589 he published the first edition of his chief work, The Principall Navigations, Voiages and Discoveries of the English Nation, using eyewitness accounts as far as possible. Hakluyt's patrilineal ancestors were of Welsh extraction, rather than Dutch as is often suggested;[2] they appear to have settled in Herefordshire in England around the 13th century, and, according to antiquary John Leland, took their surname from the "Forest of Cluid in Radnorland. The process transformed the diets, economies, and cultures of both continents. That this western voyage will yield unto us all the commodities of Europe, Africa, and Asia, as far as we were wont to travel, and supply the wants of all our decayed trades. The Names of the rich Towns lying along the sea coast on the north side from the equinoctial of the mainland of America under the kinge of Spaine. IV ("The Literature of the Sea") of vol. . The Hakluyt Society, which publishes scholarly editions of primary records of voyages and travels, was named after him in its 1846 formation. This is IvyPanda's free database of academic paper samples. He is known for promoting early English exploration of North America. Hakluyt's friend Alexander Woodson had sent the foot-and-half-long tusk to Hakluyt from his home in Bristol, about one hundred miles west of London. Author and geographer Richard Hakluyt decided to write about the Americas as encouragement for others to learn about them. A clergyman, he gave public lectures and became the first professor of modern geography at the University of Oxford. The queen granted Sir Walter Raleigh a charter in 1584 to begin to colonize, although she did not provide full financial support. Omissions? English colonization and the introduction of new crops took place alongside a wider process now termed the Columbian exchange, the exchange of plants, animals, microbes, and people between Europe and the Americas. His will refers to chambers occupied by him there up to the time of his death, and in another official document he is styled Doctor of Divinity (D.D.). This articleincorporates text from a publication now in the public domain:Coote, Charles Henry; Beazley, Charles Raymond (1911). He thus embarked upon his career as a publicist and a counsellor for present and future national enterprises across the ocean. His policy, constantly expounded, was the exploration of temperate North America in conjunction with the search for the Northwest Passage, the establishment of Englands claim to possession based on the discovery of North America by John and Sebastian Cabot, and the foundation of a plantation to foster national trade and national well-being. The manuscript, lost for almost 300 years, was published for the first time in 1877. Hakluyt was born in a wealthy merchant family, his father was a skin and fur trader in 1552 in London. Richard Hakluyt lived during the Age of Exploration when opportunities were opening for European countries to explore unknown lands. The conception of race depicted by Hakluyt emanates from specific circumstances, including the institution of slavery, among other historical parameters. discussed in biography In Richard Hakluyt a report, known briefly as Discourse of Western Planting (written in 1584), which set out very forcefully the political and economic benefits from such a colony and the necessity for state financial support of the project. The year was 1591 or 1592. The two would later co-operate to convince the English crown to invest in overseas ventures. The displacement of catholic Spain in the colonial race and substituting it with Protestant England is of critical importance. April 8, 2021. https://ivypanda.com/essays/english-colonization-of-america-in-hakluyts-view/. What special means may bring kinge Phillippe from his high Throne, and make him equal to the Princes his neighbours, wherewithal is showed his weakness in the west Indies. Captains of ships would document the places they visited such as the Far East and the Americas. If you are the copyright owner of this paper and no longer wish to have your work published on IvyPanda.
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