Lindane has been used in the U.S. for more than 60 years, both in healthcare and in agriculture. WebTherefore, if: (1) p-Dodecylphenol is a synonym to Dodecylphenol; and (2) the concentration of Dodecylphenol in the solution is at least one percent by weight, then the answer would be yes and "Lubrizol 9222R" would appear to be a marine pollutant. People who are occupationally exposed to it are advised to avoid its contact with eyes, skin and via inhalation. [1] Vomiting and nausea are usual symptoms associated with oral ingestions of lindane but serious neurologic effects can occur, albeit less frequently. [7][11][12] [16] (see also Pharmaceutical Uses) Indeed, most of the adverse human health effects reported for lindane have related to agricultural uses and chronic, occupational exposure of seed treatment workers to agricultural-grade lindane. Samples of intestinal tissues were prepared in both control (b) Except as otherwise provided in this subchapter, a bulk packaging that contains a marine pollutant must -, (1) Be marked with the MARINE POLLUTANT mark on at least two opposing sides or two ends other than the bottom if the packaging has a capacity of less than 3,785 L (1,000 gallons). Lindane is categorized as a persistent organic pollutant, and its concentrated form persists in the aquatic environment. Bioaccumulation of this chemical may occur along the food chain, for example in fish and seafood. WebLindane is released into the environment during and after agricultural application through volatilization into the atmosphere (estimated at 12-30%), where it has long-range transport potential and can be deposited by rainfall. Further see Ingestion. [7][8][9] The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention also includes lindane medications in their Sexually Transmitted Disease Treatment Guidelines as viable treatment alternatives for the management of scabies and pubic lice, consistent with the approved prescription labeling for these products. Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection. A recent analysis concluded that a majority of pediatricians had not experienced problems treating lice or scabies since that ban took effect. (c) A transport vehicle or freight container that contains a package subject to the marking requirements of paragraph (a) or (b) of this section must be marked with the MARINE POLLUTANT mark. Find out more about the company LUMITOS and our team. It has an oral LD50 of 88 mg/kg in rats and a dermal LD50 of 1000 mg/kg. The International HCH and Pesticide Forum has since been established to bring together experts to address the clean-up and containment of these sites. 0000003484 00000 n Find out how LUMITOS supports you with online marketing. In the U.S., lindane medications are exclusively manufactured and distributed by Morton Grove Pharmaceuticals, Inc. [15], The current FDA-approved product labeling emphasizes that lindane medications are contraindicated for use in premature infants and individuals with known uncontrolled seizure disorders and should be used with caution in infants, children, the elderly, and individuals with other skin conditions (e.g., atopic dermatitis, psoriasis) and in those who weigh less than 110 lbs (50 kg) as they may be at risk of serious neurotoxicity. For example, warfarin is used as a rodenticide to poison mice and rats (e.g., Kaput, D-Con) but is also formulated for medical use as an oral anticoagulant or "blood thinner" to treat patients with heart attacks, strokes and other clot-related disorders (e.g., Coumadin). [1][19] The most common side effects with topical use of lindane medications are nonserious reactions of the skin, including burning, itching, dryness and rash. Molecular mass: 290.8 [4][25] The latter includes the U.S. and Canada, which support public health uses of pharmaceutical lindane but no longer allow agricultural applications. Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work. Read what you need to know about our industry portal chemeurope.com. Lindane has adverse effects on Decomposes on heating and on burning. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Column 1 is labeled S.M.P. for Severe Marine Pollutants and Column 2 is During this time, the vast majority of lindane usemore than 99%has been for agricultural purposes and much of the safety and environmental concerns have related to this application. WebIn the case of marine pollutants also meeting the criteria for inclusion in another hazard class, all provisions of this subchapter relevant to any additional hazards continue to The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol, through the skin and by ingestion. Lindane is a neurotoxin that interferes with GABA neurotransmitter function by interacting with the GABAA receptor-chloride channel complex at the picrotoxin binding site. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. WebLindane is an organochlorine pesticide belonging to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that has been widely used to treat agricultural pests. [11][12] Both medications contain only the gamma-HCH isomer, and are available as prescription-only medications. In 2003, the FDA published a safety analysis of adverse events reported in association with the use of lindane medications received through its adverse event monitoring system (AERS database) between from 1974 through 2002. Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. Give a slurry of activated charcoal in water to drink, but NOT if convulsions occur. [7], Based on these findings, lindane lotion and lindane shampoo were limited to small unit-dose bottles in 2003 by the FDA to mitigate the risk of misuse and further enhance product safety. Refer for medical attention. Risk of fire and explosion if formulations contain flammable/explosive solvents. Camphor benzalkonium methosulfate. [citation needed], The US EPA has determined that lindane does not contaminant drinking water in excess of the Agency's level of concern. "[14], The most common side effects associated with topical use of lindane medications are nonserious reactions of the skin, including burning, itching, dryness and rash. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [7] Worldwide, effective treatment options for the control of scabies and lice are relatively limited. Routes of exposure Abstract. %PDF-1.6 % (2) On a combination packaging containing a marine pollutant, other than a severe marine pollutant, in inner packagings each of which contains: (i) 5 L (1.3 gallons) or less net capacity for liquids; or. Cough. Your browser does not support JavaScript. With an accout for my.chemeurope.com you can always see everything at a glance and you can configure your own website and individual newsletter. However, lindane medications remain available in Canada for public health purposes as non-prescription therapies. Reacts with bases. Great care, however, should be taken to avoid any additional release, for example through inappropriate disposal. [1] Rest. This produces toxic and corrosive fumes including chlorine (see ICSC 0126), hydrogen chloride (see ICSC 0163) and phosgene (see ICSC 0007). The EPA has approved the use of lindane stockpiles through 2009. [4][6] It is banned in 52 countries and the state of California, and is under review for addition to the Stockholm Convention On Persistent Organic Pollutants. Chemical dangers The authors concluded that "The California experience suggests elimination of pharmaceutical lindane produced environmental benefits, was associated with a reduction in reported unintentional exposures and did not adversely affect head lice and scabies treatment. [7] These infectious diseases, two of which are sexually transmitted, affect tens of millions of Americans and hundreds of millions of people worldwide every year. [13], The State of California banned the pharmaceutical use of lindane, effective 2002. startxref Inhalation risk [6] Most exposure of the general population to lindane results from agricultural uses and the intake of contaminated foods, such as produce, meats and milk. 0000003791 00000 n [1] Adverse hematologic effects have also been reported with chronic occupational exposures and excessive dermal applications; however, a direct cause and effect has not been established. Gyceril PABA. It is of particular concern because of [10] (see also Pharmaceutical Uses) Other countries, like Canada, similarly approve of pharmaceutical applications for lindane but no longer permit its broader use agriculturally. It is also a recognised irritant. 0000001686 00000 n In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. WebSurface waters near industrialized and agricultural areas are contaminated with hundreds of different pollutants from a variety of sources. Fish, marine mammals and birds in the region are exposed to environmental pollutants, increasing the stress of the marine ecosystem. UN Classification Air quality and pollution has gotten worse in Colorado. Vomiting. To use all functions of this page, please activate cookies in your browser. The substance is very toxic to aquatic organisms. Hepatic cytochrome P-450 oxygenase system. Each side of the mark must be -. Larger than the issue of lindane toxicity are concerns related to the non-gamma isomers of HCH, namely alpha-HCH and beta-HCH, which are notably more toxic than lindane. This requirement may be met by the marking displayed on a freight container or portable tank loaded on a motor vehicle or rail car. Over time, lindane is broken down in soil, sediment and water into less harmful substances by algae, fungi and bacteria; however, the process is relatively slow and dependent on ambient environmental conditions. Boiling point: 323C Melting point: 113C Density: 1.9 g/cmSolubility in water, g/100ml at 20C: 0.0007 (very poor)Vapour pressure, Pa at 20C: 0.0012 Relative density of the vapour/air-mixture at 20C (air = 1): 1Octanol/water partition coefficient as log Pow: 3.61 - 3.72. Nausea. In the 1940s, lindane was registered with the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), and in 1951 it was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for medical use in the treatment of scabies, head lice and pubic lice (crabs). The width of the border forming the square-on-point marking must be at least 2 mm. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. WebLindane Can Be Toxic to Humans Lindane, also known as g-hexachlorocyclohexane (g-HCH), is commonly used in shampoos and other topical treatments for head lice and The other storms took place on November 4, 2021 and March 24, 2023. [1] <<77808EBE95D8C749B7A9AFF580CD8412>]>> FDA-approved for the second-line treatment of scabies, pubic lice (crabs) and head lice. (1) On single packagings or combination packagings where each single package or each inner packaging of combination packagings has: (i) A net quantity of 5 L (1.3 gallons) or less for liquids; or, (ii) A net mass of 5 kg (11 pounds) or less for solids. Not combustible. [6] (see also Regulatory Status) The FDA, however, continues to support the use of lindane prescription medications, noting that The risk of occupational/environmental exposure should be assessed separately and independent of the risk related to the therapeutic use of a medication to treat a medical condition where there is direct benefit to the patient. Physical State; Appearance Dizziness. Depending on the degree of exposure, periodic medical examination is suggested. %%EOF [32][33] In the U.S., petitions to ban the use of pharmaceutical lindane have been rejected by the FDA and determined to be without merit by experts working with this regulatory agency. The mark must appear on each side and each end of the transport vehicle or freight container, and must be visible from the direction it faces. Lindane has long been associated with pollution due to its long persistence and quick accumulation in fatty tissues. [1] In 2003, the EPA reported on the results of large-scale water contaminant testing of 16,000 water systems serving 100 million people across the U.S. and found that none contained lindane levels above the maximum contaminant level standard considered safe. The most common side effects are nonserious reactions of the skin (e.g., burning, itching, dryness and rash). Rinse mouth. WebLindane has been listed as a pollutant of concern to EPA's Great Waters Program due to its persistence in the environment, potential to bioaccumulate, and toxicity to humans [29] Modern manufacturing standards for lindane involve the treatment and conversion of waste isomers to less toxic industrial chemicals, a process known as cracking.[26][29] Today, only a few production plants remain active worldwide to accommodate public health uses of lindane and declining agricultural needs. Web4-methylbenzylidene camphor. A harmful concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly when dispersed. [7], In the face of negative publicity concerning lindane pharmaceutical products, the U.S. manufacturer, Morton Grove Pharmaceuticals, filed a legal complaint on February 6, 2007 in the U.S. District Court in Chicago, Illinois against the National Pediculosis Association, the Ecology Center, Inc., and two physicians for statements made and disseminated to healthcare providers and consumers using the internet and through a series of printed literature . (d) The MARINE POLLUTANT mark is not required -. 104 0 obj <> endobj For example, a meta-analysis of studies looking at the association between occupational exposure to agricultural lindane and non-Hodgkins lymphona among U.S. farmers found that lindane was not a primary factor in the development of the disease. (i) At least 100 mm (3.9 inches) as measured from the outside of the lines forming the border for marks applied to: (A) Non-bulk packages, except in the case of packages which, because of their size, can only bear smaller marks. Remove contaminated clothes. The following ingredients are of concern in the marine environment and need more testing: Cinoxate. Six cases of congenital anomaly were also describedfive for infants "possibly" exposed to lindane in utero and one paternal exposurebut no characteristic pattern of effect was noted. [34], In response to Morton Grove's complaint, the Ecology Center defendants moved to dismiss the case based on an alleged lack of personal jurisdiction. The companys promotion agreement with Alliant Pharmaceuticals, which commenced in 2005, was terminated May 2007. The World Health Organization classifies lindane as "Moderately Hazardous," and its international trade is restricted and regulated under the Rotterdam Convention on Prior Informed Consent. xb```"cV @16$!Lvr p'wO'w6%nY38rg?&')(Iq^ YNH(Hinthr;.5. The World Health Organization classifies lindane as "moderately hazardous", and its international trade is restricted and regulated under the Rotterdam Convention on Prior Informed Consent. In 2009, the production and agricultural use of lindane was banned under the Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants. WebLindane is considered a marine pollutant, and special requirements have been set for marking, labeling, and transporting this material. Symbol (fish and tree): Black on white or suitable contrasting background. (e) MARINE POLLUTANT mark. The mark must be visible from the direction it faces. [3] It is presently banned in more than 50 countries, and is being considered for inclusion in the Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants, which would ban its production and use worldwide. This substance is carcinogenic to humans. Lindane (-BHC) is an organochlorine insecticide that is classified as a persistent organic pollutant (POP), and serious health problems can arise after [18], Canadas Pest Management Regulatory Agency phased out of all agricultural uses of lindane between 2000 and 2005 due to concerns of chronic occupational exposure and risks to workers during seed treatment and planting. 0000000016 00000 n DEA methoxycinnamate. In 2006, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) called for the voluntary cancellation of all agricultural uses of lindane, limited in recent years to pre-planting seed treatments. The study also documented a marked decrease in lindane wastewater contamination and lindane poisoning incidents reported to Poison Control Centers. This substance does enter the environment under normal use. [4] There is a bill in the New York State Assembly and Senate to ban its use in head lice products and limit its use on scabies, which had not passed as of September 2007. The company seeks damages and injunctive relief against all of the defendants. This produces toxic and corrosive fumes including hydrogen chloride and trichlorobenzenes (see ICSCs 0344, 1049 and 1222). This article wants to briefly summarise the Carefully collect remainder. WebLINDANE ICSC: 0053 IMPORTANT DATA PHYSICAL STATE; APPEARANCE: ODOURLESS, WHITE CRYSTALLINE POWDER CHEMICAL DANGERS: On contact with hot surfaces or flames this substance decomposes forming toxic and corrosive fumes including phosgene and hydrogen chloride. First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention. [4][5] This is not unlike other medications where the active ingredient has other non-healthcare applications. [23] However, more recent evaluations by subject matter experts do not support this rating. trailer For materials described using UN3077, Environmentally hazardous substance, solid, n.o.s. and UN3082, Environmentally hazardous substance, liquid, n.o.s., see 172.102(c)(1), special provision 441 for additional provisions; and. WebThe concentration addition model was applied to determine whether toxicity of two compounds, phenanthrene (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon) and lindane A wide range of pollutionfrom plastic pollution to light pollutionaffects marine ecosystems. At the same time, a boxed warning was added to the prescription label to highlight to healthcare providers appropriate use criteria and rare treatment risks. Code of Federal Regulations Title 49. xref Medical observation is indicated. (2) Except as otherwise provided in this subchapter, the MARINE POLLUTANT mark shall be placed in association with the hazard warning labels required by subpart E of this part or, in the absence of any labels, in association with the marked proper shipping name. This mark may be displayed in black lettering on a white square-on-point configuration having the same outside dimensions as a placard. In 2001, the Environmental Protection Agencys Cancer Assessment Review Committee for lindane downgraded the carcinogenic classification of lindane from possible to suggestive evidence, concluding that the data did not support the need for further study of the carcinogenic risks in humans. Aurora is best viewed in areas without light pollution and no cloud cover. That's what the Environmental Protection Agency said after downgrading ozone standards in the In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. In 1987, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified lindane as a possible human carcinogen. [7][16], In all age groups, reported adverse events occurred mainly in patients with contraindications to the use of lindane or in those who appeared to have misapplied or orally ingested medication. Current as of October 03, 2022 | Updated by FindLaw Staff. [11][12], While adverse reactions can occur with use of low-dose topical pharmaceutical formulations, serious effects are rare and have most often resulted from the misuse of medication. Lindane, also known as gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (-HCH) and benzene hexachloride (BHC), is an organochlorine insecticide that has been used in agriculture and in pharmaceutical products for the treatment of headlice and scabies. Where dimensions are not specified, all features shall be in approximate proportion to those shown. Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and particulates adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance, chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus and protective gloves.